The question of how ships manage to stop even if they do not have brakes is related to understanding the movement and stopping mechanisms of ships. The stalling of ships is caused by different physical principles, instead of special mechanisms resembling brakes to stop movement.
The basic principles that allow ships to stop are as follows:
Drift and Friction: When ships move on the water, they encounter a drag force against the water. This force depends on the speed of the ship and the resistance of the water. This drag force causes the ship to slow down when its speed decreases or the engines are turned off. In addition, the friction between the water surface and the lower surface of the ship also contributes to the Deceleration of the ship.
Berthing and Cranes: When ships dock or anchor in the port, they come into contact with the dock or pier. This contact slows down the speed of the ship and helps it to stop. In addition, the ship can be fixed by using cranes and other ground equipment while the ships are docking at the port.
Wind and Current Control: Wind and water flow also affect the movement of ships. Ships slow down or stop when going against the direction of the wind or current. This makes it easier for ships to stop.
Cruise Control Systems: Modern ships have cruise control systems and engine management systems. These systems can precisely control the speed and direction of the ship. The ship can be stopped by reducing the engine power or starting in the opposite direction.
Anchors and Chains: When ships are anchored (fixed using anchors), the anchors and chains cause horizontal and vertical friction underwater, which slows down the movement of the ship and helps it stop.
As a result, although the ships do not have braking systems, factors such as water resistance, berthing, wind and current, cruise control systems allow the ships to slow down and stop.
Kaynak: https://www.marineinsight.com/naval-architecture/ships-stops-brakes
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